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Grafana Loki Installation

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Grafana Loki is a Logs Aggregation for LGTM Observability Stack

Prerequisites

Kubernetes Cluster

Grafana Loki will be installed on 🟢 Management Kubernetes Cluster

📥Ingress Service provided as Kubernetes Ingress Class (IngressClass)
🛡️TLS Certificate for Grafana Loki provided as Kubernetes Secret
- Grafana Loki will be exposed as HTTPS with Kubernetes Ingress.

Application Dependencies

📦S3 API-compatible Object Storage ; For Logs Storage
- 🪣S3 Buckets: A Unit of Logical Storage with 🌏Region specified.
  - Grafana Loki uses 2 separated buckets.
    - Logs Storage (Chunks)
    - Ruler Component
- 🔑Credentials to Access S3 Bucket: Access Key, Secret Key.
  - Create/Gather a Dedicated Access Key/Secret Key for Grafana Loki to access to its buckets.

Complete Prerequisites

Kubernetes Cluster

Prepare Shell Variables

Ensure you have defined and loaded your Global Shell Variables as described in Shell Variables.

Connect to 🟢 Management Kubernetes Cluster ; i.e w/ Kubeconfig File

Ensure you have defined and loaded your Global Shell Variables as described in Shell Variables.
Terminal window
```
source $HOME/opstella-installation/shell-values/kubernetes/management_cluster.vars.sh
```
Set 🟢 Management Kubernetes Cluster Information

Ensure GRAFANA_LOKI_DOMAIN, K8S_INTERNAL_DOMAIN, K8S_INGRESSCLASS_NAME, K8S_STORAGECLASS_NAME, K8S_INGRESS_TLS_CERTIFICATE_SECRET_NAME are defined as per the Shell Variables guide.
Create Kubernetes Secret for 🛡️ TLS Certificate for Grafana Loki in Namespace observability-system.

Kubernetes Ingress for Grafana Loki will associate TLS Certificate with Kubernetes Secret named wildcard-${BASE_DOMAIN}-tls.

(Ensure K8S_INGRESS_TLS_CERTIFICATE_SECRET_NAME is defined in your variables)

Create one using from .crt and .key file.
Terminal window
```
kubectl create secret tls $K8S_INGRESS_TLS_CERTIFICATE_SECRET_NAME \
  --cert=/path/to/cert/file --key=/path/to/key/file \
  --namespace observability-system
```
💡 Should return secret/wildcard-${BASE_DOMAIN}-tls created message.

Application Dependencies

S3 API-compatible Object Storage

Set S3 API-compatible Object Storage Information for Grafana Loki.

Set S3 Connection with Domain

(Ensure your S3 domain, bucket names, regions, and credentials are all loaded from your tool variables in observability.vars.sh)

Pre-Installation

Grafana Loki Preparation

Set Grafana Loki Entrypoint Domain

(Ensure Grafana Loki Entrypoint Domain is loaded from your variables)

Create Helm Values Configuration: Fundamental Configurations

cat <<EOF > $BASE_WORKING_DIR/helm-values/grafana-loki-full-values.yaml
global:
  ## -- Definitions to set up nginx resolver (nginx gateway that proxied within microservices)
  ## OPSTELLA_CUSTOMIZE/RKE2: Defaults was 'kube-dns'/Change for RKE2
  # -- Definitions to set up nginx resolver
  # -- configures DNS service name
  dnsService: ${K8S_INTERNAL_DNS_SERVICE}
  # -- configures DNS service namespace
  dnsNamespace: "kube-system"
  # -- configures cluster domain ("cluster.local" by default)
  clusterDomain: "${K8S_INTERNAL_DOMAIN}"

## OPSTELLA_CUSTOMIZE: Disable Built-in MinIO (it's not intended for Production uses!)
minio:
  enabled: false

# -- Ingress configuration Use either this ingress or the gateway, but not both at once.
# If you enable this, make sure to disable the gateway.
# You'll need to supply authn configuration for your ingress controller.
ingress:
  enabled: true
  ingressClassName: ${K8S_INGRESSCLASS_NAME}
  hosts:
    - ${GRAFANA_LOKI_DOMAIN}
  tls:
    - hosts:
        - ${GRAFANA_LOKI_DOMAIN}
      secretName: ${K8S_INGRESS_TLS_CERTIFICATE_SECRET_NAME}

#
# Gateway and Ingress
#
# By default this chart will deploy a Nginx container to act as a gateway which handles routing of traffic
# and can also do auth.
#
# If you would prefer you can optionally disable this and enable using k8s ingress to do the incoming routing.
#

# Configuration for the gateway
gateway:
  # -- Specifies whether the gateway should be enabled
  enabled: false

read:
  ## TODO: OPSTELLA_CUSTOMIZE/TEMP: Disable Persistence until we can measure the workload
  persistence:
    # -- Enable volume claims in pod spec
    volumeClaimsEnabled: false
write:
  ## TODO: OPSTELLA_CUSTOMIZE/TEMP: Disable Persistence until we can measure the workload
  persistence:
    # -- Enable volume claims in pod spec
    volumeClaimsEnabled: false
backend:
  ## TODO: OPSTELLA_CUSTOMIZE/TEMP: Disable Persistence until we can measure the workload
  persistence:
    # -- Enable volume claims in pod spec
    volumeClaimsEnabled: false

######################################################################################################################
## OPSTELLA_NOTE: Common Settings across Deployment Modes
### --- ###
## OPSTELLA_NOTE: chunksCache/resultsCache shared across SimpleScalable/Distributed
## TODO: OPSTELLA_CUSTOMIZE: Disable Chunks Cache for WHY?
chunksCache:
  # -- Specifies whether memcached based chunks-cache should be enabled
  enabled: false

## TODO: OPSTELLA_CUSTOMIZE: Disable Result Cache for WHY?
resultsCache:
  # -- Specifies whether memcached based results-cache should be enabled
  enabled: false

### --- ###

loki:
  ## OPSTELLA_CUSTOMIZE: Utilize S3(-compatible) Object Storage By Default
  storage:
    type: s3
    bucketNames:
      # Loki requires a bucket for chunks and the ruler. GEL requires a third bucket for the admin API.
      # Please provide these values if you are using object storage.
      chunks: ${GRAFANA_LOKI_S3_CHUNKS_BUCKET_NAME}
      ruler: ${GRAFANA_LOKI_S3_RULER_BUCKET_NAME}
    s3:
      endpoint: ${GRAFANA_LOKI_S3_DOMAIN}
      region: ${GRAFANA_LOKI_S3_BUCKET_REGION}
      accessKeyId: ${GRAFANA_LOKI_S3_ACCESS_KEY}
      secretAccessKey: ${GRAFANA_LOKI_S3_ACCESS_SECRET}
      s3ForcePathStyle: true  ## OPSTELLA_CUSTOMIZE

  schemaConfig:
    configs:
      - from: 2024-04-01
        store: tsdb
        object_store: s3
        schema: v13
        index:
          prefix: index_
          period: 24h

  ## OPSTELLA_CUSTOMIZE: SecurityContext
  # -- The SecurityContext for Loki pods
  podSecurityContext:
    fsGroup: 10001
  # -- The SecurityContext for Loki containers
  containerSecurityContext:
    runAsUser: 10001
    runAsGroup: 10001
    runAsNonRoot: true
    privileged: false
    allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
    capabilities:
      drop: ["ALL"]
    seccompProfile:
      type: RuntimeDefault
    readOnlyRootFilesystem: true

EOF

Create Helm Values Configuration: Loki in Distributed Deployment Modes

cat <<EOF > $BASE_WORKING_DIR/helm-values/grafana-loki-distributed-mode-full-values.yaml
## OPSTELLA_CUSTOMIZE: Use Microservices Deployment to be Default for Opstella
deploymentMode: Distributed

######################################################################################################################

ingester:
  ## CHART/MODE-Distributed: Grafana Recommeded No. of Component Replicas/maxUnavailable
  replicas: 3
  ## OPSTELLA_CUSTOMIZE: Disable zone awareness for On-Premise Environment
  zoneAwareReplication:
    # -- Enable zone awareness.
    enabled: false
  ## OPSTELLA_CUSTOMIZE: When install LGTM altogether within the same namespace; default podAntiAffinity from Helm Chart would conflict each other,
  ##   need **additional label** for Kubernetes Scheduler to be factored
  # -- Affinity for ingester pods. Ignored if zoneAwareReplication is enabled.
  # @default -- Hard node anti-affinity
  affinity:
    podAntiAffinity:
      requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
        - labelSelector:
            matchLabels:
              app.kubernetes.io/component: ingester
              app.kubernetes.io/name: loki
          topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname

querier:
  ## CHART/MODE-Distributed: Grafana Recommeded No. of Component Replicas/maxUnavailable
  replicas: 3
  maxUnavailable: 2
  ## OPSTELLA_CUSTOMIZE: When install LGTM altogether within the same namespace; default podAntiAffinity from Helm Chart would conflict each other,
  ##   need **additional label** for Kubernetes Scheduler to be factored
  # -- Affinity for querier pods.
  # @default -- Hard node anti-affinity
  affinity:
    podAntiAffinity:
      requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
        - labelSelector:
            matchLabels:
              app.kubernetes.io/component: querier
              app.kubernetes.io/name: loki
          topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname

queryFrontend:
  ## CHART/MODE-Distributed: Grafana Recommeded No. of Component Replicas/maxUnavailable
  replicas: 2
  maxUnavailable: 1
  ## OPSTELLA_CUSTOMIZE: When install LGTM altogether within the same namespace; default podAntiAffinity from Helm Chart would conflict each other,
  ##   need **additional label** for Kubernetes Scheduler to be factored
  # -- Affinity for query-frontend pods.
  # @default -- Hard node anti-affinity
  affinity:
    podAntiAffinity:
      requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
        - labelSelector:
            matchLabels:
              app.kubernetes.io/component: query-frontend
              app.kubernetes.io/name: loki
          topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname

queryScheduler:
  ## CHART/MODE-Distributed: Grafana Recommeded No. of Component Replicas/maxUnavailable
  replicas: 2
  ## OPSTELLA_CUSTOMIZE: When install LGTM altogether within the same namespace; default podAntiAffinity from Helm Chart would conflict each other,
  ##   need **additional label** for Kubernetes Scheduler to be factored
  # -- Affinity for query-scheduler pods.
  # @default -- Hard node anti-affinity
  affinity:
    podAntiAffinity:
      requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
        - labelSelector:
            matchLabels:
              app.kubernetes.io/component: query-scheduler
              app.kubernetes.io/name: loki
          topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname

distributor:
  ## CHART/MODE-Distributed: Grafana Recommeded No. of Component Replicas/maxUnavailable
  replicas: 3
  maxUnavailable: 2
  ## OPSTELLA_CUSTOMIZE: When install LGTM altogether within the same namespace; default podAntiAffinity from Helm Chart would conflict each other,
  ##   need **additional label** for Kubernetes Scheduler to be factored
  # -- Affinity for distributor pods.
  # @default -- Hard node anti-affinity
  affinity:
    podAntiAffinity:
      requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
        - labelSelector:
            matchLabels:
              app.kubernetes.io/component: distributor
              app.kubernetes.io/name: loki
          topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname

compactor:
  ## CHART/MODE-Distributed: Grafana Recommeded No. of Component Replicas/maxUnavailable
  replicas: 1
  ## OPSTELLA_CUSTOMIZE: When install LGTM altogether within the same namespace; default podAntiAffinity from Helm Chart would conflict each other,
  ##   need **additional label** for Kubernetes Scheduler to be factored
  # -- Affinity for compactor pods.
  # @default -- Hard node anti-affinity
  affinity:
    podAntiAffinity:
      requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
        - labelSelector:
            matchLabels:
              app.kubernetes.io/component: compactor
              app.kubernetes.io/name: loki
          topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname

indexGateway:
  ## CHART/MODE-Distributed: Grafana Recommeded No. of Component Replicas/maxUnavailable
  replicas: 2
  maxUnavailable: 1
  ## OPSTELLA_CUSTOMIZE: When install LGTM altogether within the same namespace; default podAntiAffinity from Helm Chart would conflict each other,
  ##   need **additional label** for Kubernetes Scheduler to be factored
  # -- Affinity for index-gateway pods.
  # @default -- Hard node anti-affinity
  affinity:
    podAntiAffinity:
      requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
        - labelSelector:
            matchLabels:
              app.kubernetes.io/component: index-gateway
              app.kubernetes.io/name: loki
          topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname

### --- ###
# CHART: Disable Optional Experimental Components
bloomCompactor:
  replicas: 0

bloomBuilder:
  replicas: 0

bloomGateway:
  replicas: 0
### --- ###

### --- ###
## CHART/MODE-Distributed: Disable other deployment modes
backend:
  replicas: 0
read:
  replicas: 0
write:
  replicas: 0
singleBinary:
  replicas: 0
### --- ###

### --- ###
## CHART/MODE-Distributed: Loki Configuration by Grafana Recommendations
loki:
  ingester:
    chunk_encoding: snappy
  tracing:
    enabled: true
  querier:
    # Default is 4, if you have enough memory and CPU you can increase, reduce if OOMing
    max_concurrent: 4
### --- ###
EOF

Helm Chart Preparation

Add Grafana Helm Repository

helm repo add grafana https://grafana.github.io/helm-charts
helm repo update

Installation

Install Grafana Loki

Install a Helm Release with specific Helm Chart Version --version 6.28.0 (App Version: 3.4.2)

helm upgrade --install grafana-loki grafana/loki --version 6.28.0 \
  --namespace observability-system \
  -f $HOME/opstella-installation/helm-values/grafana-loki-full-values.yaml \
  -f $HOME/opstella-installation/helm-values/grafana-loki-distributed-mode-full-values.yaml

Post-Installation

Grafana Loki Testing

Get Pods Status

kubectl get pods -n observability-system

💡 Grafana Loki (Distributed Deployment Mode Components) Pods should be Running

NAME                           READY   STATUS    RESTARTS  AGE
... (deducted)
grafana-loki-compactor-0                     1/1     Running   0         Xd
grafana-loki-distributor-XXXXXXX-YYYYY       1/1     Running   0         Xd
grafana-loki-distributor-XXXXXXX-YYYYY       1/1     Running   0         Xd
grafana-loki-distributor-XXXXXXX-YYYYY       1/1     Running   0         Xd
grafana-loki-index-gateway-0                 1/1     Running   0         Xd
grafana-loki-index-gateway-1                 1/1     Running   0         Xd
grafana-loki-ingester-0                      1/1     Running   0         Xd
grafana-loki-ingester-0                      1/1     Running   0         Xd
grafana-loki-ingester-0                      1/1     Running   0         Xd
grafana-loki-querier-XXXXXXX-YYYYY           1/1     Running   0         Xd
grafana-loki-querier-XXXXXXX-YYYYY           1/1     Running   0         Xd
grafana-loki-querier-XXXXXXX-YYYYY           1/1     Running   0         Xd
grafana-loki-query-frontend-XXXXXXXX-YYYYY   1/1     Running   0         Xd
grafana-loki-query-frontend-XXXXXXXX-YYYYY   1/1     Running   0         Xd
grafana-loki-query-scheduler-XXXXXXXX-YYYYY  1/1     Running   0         Xd
loki-canary-XXXXX                            1/1     Running   0         Xd
loki-canary-XXXXX                            1/1     Running   0         Xd
loki-canary-XXXXX                            1/1     Running   0         Xd
loki-canary-XXXXX                            1/1     Running   0         Xd
loki-canary-XXXXX                            1/1     Running   0         Xd

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